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Emergency Preparedness

Guide Book

THE PHASES OF A DISASTER:  EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUALS AND COMMUNITIES

     There is a certain predictability about the reactions of communities and individuals to disasters.  It is important to note that while these reactions are talked about as "phases' this does not mean that they will occur for all people at the same time or in a sequential manner.  The length of time each of these phases will also vary and is not predictable.

1.  Heroic

     The reactions described within the heroic phase will usually occur at impact and in the early stages immediately following the event.  A sense of altruism is likely to be experienced as those involved at the disaster site become involved in a range of activities aimed at saving lives and material possessions. 

2.  Honeymoon

     As stated in the section on individual and community responses to disaster, strong bonds are likely to be formed by those members of the community who have experienced a dangerous event together.  This sense of shared survival, together with the anticipation of help engendered through the promises and offers of assistance made through political, media and broader community interest in the event, are often referred to as a honeymoon phase.

3.  Disillusionment

     As the recovery process progresses much of the initial euphoria at surviving and the anticipation of assistance diminishes.  This often leads to a sense of disillusionment with feelings of anger, frustration and disappointment evident.  Diminished support from the broader community together with a realization of the enormity of tasks such as rebuilding and refinancing of homes, add to this sense of disillusionment.

4.  Reconstruction

     The reconstruction phase sees a realization that the ultimate responsibility for recovery lies with individuals and within the affected community.  During this period the range of community restoration, physical reconstruction and community programs reaffirm the belief of those affected by the disasters in themselves and in their community.